How CPU caches work: locality, set mapping, write policies, replacement, TLB, prefetching, and how to measure cache performance in practice. Locality & AMAT Cache Organization Replacement & Write Policies The TLB Connection Prefetching Measuring Cache Behavior (Lab) Quick Check (with…
CPU fetch–decode execute cycle, caches and memory hierarchy, virtual memory, the OS’s role, and how systems communicate over networks. Instruction Execution: Fetch → Decode → Execute Modern CPUs overlap these stages with pipelining and may issue multiple instructions per cycle…
Symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, AES-GCM, RSA/ECC, key exchange, and hybrid encryption with practical tips, pitfalls, and commands. Definitions Symmetric Cryptography Common Algorithms Modes of Operation (for AES) Nonces/IVs Performance Typical Uses Asymmetric Cryptography Core Families Capabilities Performance Typical Uses Symmetric…
. 15 core security design principles least privilege, defense in depth, fail-safe defaults, and more with practical checklists and real examples. Why Security Design Principles Matter Security failures rarely come from one bug they come from design shortcuts. Principles give…
Compilation System: understand how source code becomes machine code via preprocessing, compiling, assembling, linking, and loading. What is a Computer System? A computer system combines hardware (CPU, main memory, storage, I/O devices, buses) and software (OS, compilers, libraries, applications). Mental…
Digital logic design from bits to CPU numbers, gates, K-maps, combinational & sequential circuits and how programs run on CPU, memory, and I Number Systems (Decimal, Binary, Hex) Quick task: Convert 29₁₀ to binary and hex → 11101₂, 1D₁₆. Boolean…