Forests in Pakistan their types, deforestation drivers, and national conservation efforts ensuring ecological balance and sustainability. Why Forests Matter (Ecosystem Services) Pakistan biomes: Himalayan moist/conifer forests (KPK, GB), dry temperate forests (Balochistan), riverine forests (Indus), mangroves (Indus Delta), scrub forests…
Noise and radiation pollution causes, effects, and control methods, including nuclear hazards, with real-world and Pakistan-based examples. Noise Pollution Definition:Unwanted or harmful sound that disturbs normal human or animal activity. Measured In:Decibels (dB) using a sound level meter. Major Sources…
Soil pollution and its impacts, major sources, types of contaminants, and sustainable control methods with Pakistan-focused examples. Introduction to Soil Pollution Definition:Soil pollution is the contamination of the soil environment by toxic chemicals or waste materials, reducing soil fertility and…
Greenhouse effect and global warming process, ozone depletion causes and effects, and agricultural pollution control with Pakistan-specific examples. Agricultural Pollution Definition:Contamination of soil and water through agricultural activities such as overuse of fertilizers, pesticides, and livestock waste. Major Pollutants: Pakistan…
Eutrophication, sewage sludge treatment, polluted water remediation, and thermal pollution causes and control, with real examples from Pakistan’s environment. Control Remediation Definition:The process of treating and restoring polluted environments (soil or water) through physical, chemical, or biological means. Major Remediation…
How chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) damage the ozone layer and explore the causes, sources, and impacts of water pollution with Pakistan-specific examples and solutions. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Definition:CFCs are synthetic compounds made of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, used widely in refrigeration, air conditioning,…