IoT application protocols like HTTP, MQTT, and CoAP, including message formats, QoS levels, and a hands-on MQTT publish-subscribe lab using Node-RED. Introduction The Internet of Things (IoT) depends on communication protocols that enable devices to send, receive, and process data…
IoT networking fundamentals with IPv6, 6LoWPAN, Wi-Fi, LoRaWAN, and BLE protocols. Includes an ESP32 Wi-Fi connection lab for practical understanding. Introduction Networking is what connects the “things” in the Internet of Things (IoT). Without communication, sensors can’t send data, and…
Microcontroller fundamentals through ESP32 architecture, I²C/SPI/UART communication, and FreeRTOS multitasking in IoT with real sensor lab exercises. Introduction Every IoT device is powered by a microcontroller a compact, low-cost computer that controls sensors, actuators, and data communication. In this lecture,…
IoT sensors and actuators their types, calibration, and signal handling with practical lab exercises using DHT22, ultrasonic sensors, and PWM outputs. Introduction Sensors and actuators are the heart of the Internet of Things (IoT). They bridge the physical and digital…
The structure of IoT architecture and its relation to the TCP/IP model. Explore four IoT layers, key protocols, and a practical lab on layer mapping. Understanding IoT Architecture The Internet of Things (IoT) architecture defines how connected devices interact, process…
The basics of IoT: its concepts, key applications, and how to set up Arduino or ESP32 boards to blink LEDs and read sensor data in your first IoT lab. What Is the Internet of Things (IoT)? The Internet of Things…